• Mishkenot shaananim

     

    In 1860, the Jews first left outside the wall. It was with the creation of the first neighborhood outside the walls - from complacent neighborhoods.

    The causes of the exit from the wall, and not only of the Jews were:

    The growth of its owners due to relatively improved conditions, both on the part of the government and due to the help of foreign countries that stuck a stake in Jerusalem. As a result of the proliferation of the population, the density and difficult sanitation conditions within the walls were formed.

    And because of the great demand for apartments there was an increase in rent.

    The Jews had other reasons like:

    The appearance of the Rothschild family and Moses Montefiore who gave a feeling that salvation was near.

    As well as the Christian exodus that preceded the Jewish one and gave it a push.

    In 1855, Montefiore arrived in Jerusalem for his fourth visit (out of seven visits). he was interested in buying a plot in front of the walls of the Old City to the West.

     

     

    Moshe montefiore

    The territory belonged to the Arabs-Ahmed El Dudar, and so he answered Montefiore on his request: (from the memories of Eliezer Halevi - Montefiore's Secretary)

    "You are my friend my brother in my daughter's eyes. Take it for you at once. In this land I hold as my ancestral inheritance, I would not have known anyone even in thousands of pounds sterling, but to you I will give free without a price. After all, it is yours, send your hand and take. I myself my wife my children and my son all to you are. "

    Apparently this is the form of expression when negotiating in the Middle East, and El Dudar did not really intend to give Montefiore gifts. In the end, the land was bought at 1000 pounds. The contract was approved by the Turkish court (makhama), as well as the offices of the British Consul. Pitch size 66,225 square cubits.

    In one of the clauses in the contract it is said:

    "Moses bought him a piece of land to build a hospital on it, and to do with it his heart's content."

    The idea of ​​creating a hospital is to prevent resistance to the establishment of a neighborhood, and it may also be that they really wanted to build a hospital, because there was no Jewish Hospital in Jerusalem. At that time, the Rothschild family also tried to build a hospital, and they did it, and on the next visit of Montefiore in Jerusalem (18/6/1857), it was decided not to build a hospital.

    Moshe Montefiore built a wall around his inheritance (Mishkenot shaananim and right Moshe) and called the place "Kerem Moshe and Judith".

    In 1857, the windmill was built in the financing of Montefiore (cost 1450 pounds). And wrote the Magid newspaper:

    "Minister Moshe Montefiore Shlita founded his money from the wind revolves around the city of Jerusalem in favor of the poor of his Hebrew brothers .... The artists worked hard to bring this great building up to the Jaffa Gate. Each part of it alone pulled 40 people to land from the ship that were brought in .... And four moons have passed before the building was brought to Jerusalem .... The other olfactory owners (Arabs) .... Hire one man to go to the place and curse the building with vigorous wells so that it will not succeed. And when the rain and storms came and the building remained firmly and firmly in place, they all said unanimously: this building is a devil's work that we will dine in most of its power. "

     

    The flour mill in shaananim

    About the time the station operated there is an argument as to whether it did not work at all or operated for a while. In my opinion, it did not work at all, since the Jerusalem spirit regime is not suitable for a windmill. The number of serious days in Jerusalem on average per year is very small and not constant. The other reason that they give, thinking that it did not work, is that there were no spare parts to fix malfunctions, and the mill stopped.

    In the end, it was decided to build a neighborhood from the estate of a Jew from New Orleans, Judah Tora, who left ונט 50,000 for Montefiore to do as good and honest in his eyes to improve the situation of the Jews in Jerusalem.

     

     

    Yehuda Tora

    The construction was started in 1859 by an English contractor and the supervision was carried out by the Jew Isaac FH

    At first, there were traces and this was learned from Eliezer Halevi's troubled letter to Yitzhak FHB Tammuz HTT (1859), and quoted several lines from it:

    "The most truthful thing that the governor of the city ordered to stop the construction of houses on the vineyard of Moses and Judith?

    What point did she order to stop doing a good thing?

    What drug should be found to remove his bad thought?

    How many people do at work under the head shift of builders?

    The most truthful that he has 100 people doing at work?

    How many stones did they make for the building?

    Most have already prepared stones for all houses?

    Have the most been done and have been repaired the ways that will lead to the houses? "

    Eliezer Halevi adds that the letter was written without the knowledge of Montefiore, so as not to worry him.

    In 1860, construction was completed.

    And wrote Moshe Risher in his book "the gates of Jerusalem":

    "וש and sat there Jews of all inclusive and inclusive (Ashkenazi and Sephardic) who will not find enough reach in the rental of houses in Jerusalem than the most expensive and the lack of pocket. And for every man and his house will be given one big house and a small house (half room) and a stew House and a treasure (mikveh?) And the House of the chair, the seat of kings and their seat. And sends those who sit in the houses that give alms to his heart twice a year to revive their lives. He also made two Madrasah houses there, one for Ashkenazim and one for the Spaniards with Torah scrolls. Also a narrow house (clinic).

    A total of 20 apartments were built: 8-for Ashkenazi, 8-for Spanish, an apartment for a Spanish Synagogue, an apartment for a Ashkenazi synagogue, a clinic, an apartment built for Rabbi Shmuel Salant who never lived in it.

    The neighborhood was called "Mishkenot Sha'ananim" according to the verse: "and my people sat in Neve Shalom, and in the Mishkenot of insurers, and in the comfort of complacency.")

    At the address on the center of the building is written:

    "Mishkenot Sha'ananim was founded by the donation of the money which he placed after him, R. Yehuda Tora nai (his soul Eden) makkak (holy community) New Orleans ya'a (God will protect her) in the state of America according to Minister Moshe Montefiore in the year of cetar (1860) lepk (small detail). "

    (In fact, this year is the 5620 and not the 620) and in order not to use the 5620 which is the name of the name, write to a small detail, mentioning that there is another 5000 years here.)

     

    At the beginning of the road, the people at night returned to the Old City walls from fear, but apparently Montefiore was not aware of anything.

     

     

    Mishkenot shaananim

    Those entering the houses were committed to 13 regulations that formed the basis of the regulations of the neighborhoods that followed the Mishkenot shaananim: (from - "neighborhoods in Jerusalem" - Jacob Gliss)

    A. The janitor will not open the doors of the house to people, either with the permission of the gabbaim, or with a written license.

    In. In the evening, when the sun comes, the janitor will close the doors of the Sha'ananim Gates, and will not open until the morning when the sun comes out, if necessary.

    C. All the guests who come to see the Mishkenot shaananim will write their names in the book.

    D. Not a stranger among these houses, nor are those close to the residents of "Mishkenot Sha'ananim" not yelino, because if necessary

    E. Every man and man from the neighborhoods of shaananim will command the doers of his desire to cleanse his house every day from any garbage, and from anything that is not pure. Also hallucinate pure water across the floor of his home rooms, at the very least once a day

    And.Each and every resident of Mishkenot shaananim will command the people of his house to dispose of any garbage before the House crosses, and clear all the places around their mortgage, and throw the garbage into the place prepared for it, and cover it immediately .

    G. All the pits and ponds in which there is closed water will be and will not be opened, because if at the time of which the people of the House come to pump water. And the keys will be under the hands of the gazelles, and no stranger will come out of the house to pump water out of the pits and ponds.

    H. Every day and every other day learning a chapter of sects, one will say Kadish derbenan, for the soul of the deceased R. Yehuda Tora peace be upon him, and for the time of the day of his death to learn from sects to the right of his soul, and to remind him of the prayer of the "Lord of the worlds", and

    T. The synagogue and the beit midrash need to be cleaned twice every day, and water will be thrown across the floor at least once a day until the next ones are gathered there to pray

    Y. All the alms that will volunteer under the hand of the gabbaim, will be the inhabitants of the Sha'ananim, or the guests who come to see the reserved houses will be under the hands of the gabbaim for the needs of the synagogue and the beit midrash, and for all the needs of the repair of the houses.

    Ya. One Ark with a narrow hole will be put to the right of the synagogue's opening, to give its name all the money of charity, which will cost the heart of a man to bring to the "Mishkenot Sha'ananim", and was seen by the rabbi of the money, the gabbayim for the above-mentioned needs.

    YB. The baptismal House and the hope of water should be free of any dirt, and there will be nothing dirt and clay.

    Big. The "Mishkenot Sha'ananim" residents do not have any strong claims about the Houses of the najach Mishkenot (mentioned), although they sat there for three years day by day because there is no possession of the aforementioned Mishkenot (mentioned).

     

     

    Mishkenot Sha'ananim in her early days

    In 1866, Montefiore decided to build four more housing units near the apartments that had already been built. This time they did not bring a contractor from England, counting on the talent and training of Isaac FH Three Spanish families and one Ashkenazi family were settled in these houses.

    In front of the houses, there is an awning that stands on pillars and on which the name of the metal WORK factory is registered, which is located at the place of residence of Montefiore - Ramsgate. Those. the pillars were probably placed by Montefiore, and also served as gutters. In his diary describing his seventh journey to Jerusalem , he writes that the people of Mishkenot Sha'ananim asked him for some requests, including: "to be there a strong cover before the houses from the East and West that would screen them from the sparks of the burning sun. " He did.

    You from what happened to the houses after Montefiore's Death tells David Yellin in his book "Jerusalem of Tamul":

    And in time the inhabitants of the Houses thought themselves to the owners of the houses, and heurishum in dowry. And some also sold their right to others, and they went to them wherever they went. But the heirs of the minister whose opinion was not his opinion, and what they thought was that the "Riskers" had already received their wages by wide hand, said, after his passing to take the Riskers out of danger, and even sent a lawyer who would stand here for their part before the authority. But because of various circumstances, they did not have this at the time, and only after much work and time had the heads of the congregation of our Spanish brethren to forcibly take out the members of the congregation from their neighbors, the carefree ones, from their neighbors, and make up for the poor in which you have rented an apartment for several years from the total fund. And in order to take advantage of the "strong" claim from the poor who will now be able to sit in these houses, the heads of this congregation say, as is heard, to rent out the Houses of shamanism neighborhoods in the rental, and the rental money will come to the total fund ... "

    Today,  Mishkenot Sha'ananim has become a hotel for the guests of the city, including artists, music professionals, intellectuals and academics, writers, etc., various conferences are also held on-site.


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